mach-o文件介绍

1. MH_OBJECT (0x1 )

• 目标文件(.0)
• 静态库文件(.a),静态库文件其实就是多个.o文件的合集.比如支持多种cpu建构的.a库文件.

2. MH_EXECUTE (0x2) 可执行文件,

• 比如.app文件

3. MH_DYLIB 动态库文件

• .dylib文件
• .framework/xx文件

4. MH_DYLINKER (0x7) 动态链接编辑器

• usr/lib/dyld

5. MH_DYSM 符号文件

• dSYM/Content/Resources/DWARF/xx常用与app崩溃信息分析

/*
 * The 32-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of the object file for
 * 32-bit architectures.
 */
struct mach_header {
    uint32_t    magic;      /* mach magic number identifier */
    cpu_type_t  cputype;    /* cpu specifier */
    cpu_subtype_t   cpusubtype; /* machine specifier */
    uint32_t    filetype;   /* type of file */
    uint32_t    ncmds;      /* number of load commands */
    uint32_t    sizeofcmds; /* the size of all the load commands */
    uint32_t    flags;      /* flags */
};

/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header (32-bit architectures) */
#define MH_MAGIC    0xfeedface  /* the mach magic number */
#define MH_CIGAM    0xcefaedfe  /* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC) */

/*
 * The 64-bit mach header appears at the very beginning of object files for
 * 64-bit architectures.
 */
struct mach_header_64 {
    uint32_t    magic;      /* mach magic number identifier */
    cpu_type_t  cputype;    /* cpu specifier */
    cpu_subtype_t   cpusubtype; /* machine specifier */
    uint32_t    filetype;   /* type of file */
    uint32_t    ncmds;      /* number of load commands */
    uint32_t    sizeofcmds; /* the size of all the load commands */
    uint32_t    flags;      /* flags */
    uint32_t    reserved;   /* reserved */
};

/* Constant for the magic field of the mach_header_64 (64-bit architectures) */
#define MH_MAGIC_64 0xfeedfacf /* the 64-bit mach magic number */
#define MH_CIGAM_64 0xcffaedfe /* NXSwapInt(MH_MAGIC_64) */

从上面的代码可以得到如下的解释

我们可以使用MachOview查看具体的可执行文件的详细情况

MachOview

官方GITHUB地址：https://github.com/gdbinit/MachOView

国人做的改版（支持中文显示）：https://github.com/zhongjianfeipqy/MachOView

可以直接运行的编译后版本：http://sourceforge.net/projects/machoview/

/*
 * The load commands directly follow the mach_header.  The total size of all
 * of the commands is given by the sizeofcmds field in the mach_header.  All
 * load commands must have as their first two fields cmd and cmdsize.  The cmd
 * field is filled in with a constant for that command type.  Each command type
 * has a structure specifically for it.  The cmdsize field is the size in bytes
 * of the particular load command structure plus anything that follows it that
 * is a part of the load command (i.e. section structures, strings, etc.).  To
 * advance to the next load command the cmdsize can be added to the offset or
 * pointer of the current load command.  The cmdsize for 32-bit architectures
 * MUST be a multiple of 4 bytes and for 64-bit architectures MUST be a multiple
 * of 8 bytes (these are forever the maximum alignment of any load commands).
 * The padded bytes must be zero.  All tables in the object file must also
 * follow these rules so the file can be memory mapped.  Otherwise the pointers
 * to these tables will not work well or at all on some machines.  With all
 * padding zeroed like objects will compare byte for byte.
 */
struct load_command {
    uint32_t cmd;       /* type of load command */
    uint32_t cmdsize;   /* total size of command in bytes */
};

大致翻译：

/*
 * The 64-bit segment load command indicates that a part of this file is to be
 * mapped into a 64-bit task's address space.  If the 64-bit segment has
 * sections then section_64 structures directly follow the 64-bit segment
 * command and their size is reflected in cmdsize.
 */
struct segment_command_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
    uint32_t    cmd;        /* Load Command类型 */
    uint32_t    cmdsize;    /*包含的所有section结构体的大小 */
    char        segname[16];    /* 段名 */
    uint64_t    vmaddr;     /* 映射到虚拟地址的偏移 */
    uint64_t    vmsize;     /* 映射到虚拟地址的大小 */
    uint64_t    fileoff;    /* 相对于当前架构文件的偏移 */
    uint64_t    filesize;   /* 文件大小 */
    vm_prot_t   maxprot;    /* 段页面的最高内存保护 */
    vm_prot_t   initprot;   /* 初始内存保护 */
    uint32_t    nsects;     /* 包含的section数 */
    uint32_t    flags;      /* 段页面标志 */
};

主要有一下四种

注：dylib过后补一篇文章做笔记

3.数据区（DATA）

struct section_64 { /* for 64-bit architectures */
    char        sectname[16];   /* 节名 */
    char        segname[16];    /* 所属段名 */
    uint64_t    addr;       /* 映射到虚拟地址的偏移 */
    uint64_t    size;       /* 节的大小 */
    uint32_t    offset;     /* 节在当前架构文件中的偏移 */
    uint32_t    align;      /* 节的字节对齐大小n，2^n */
    uint32_t    reloff;     /* 重定位入口的文件偏移 */
    uint32_t    nreloc;     /* 重定位入口个数 */
    uint32_t    flags;      /* 节的类型和属性*/
    uint32_t    reserved1;  /* reserved (for offset or index) */
    uint32_t    reserved2;  /* reserved (for count or sizeof) */
    uint32_t    reserved3;  /* 保留位，以上两同理 */
};